Administration
Glossary of terms

	4E (equivalent to 3PGE+Au)		Refers to the sum of platinum, palladium, rhodium and gold content as determined by a nickel sulphide collection fire assay procedure; this is considered to be the most accurate assay procedure, and results can usually be compared between laboratories.
	6E (equivalent to 5PGE+Au)		Refers to the sum of platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and gold content as determined by a nickel sulphide collection fire assay procedure; this is considered to be the most accurate assay procedure, and results can usually be compared between laboratories.
	AA		Atomic absorption spectroscopy is an analytical technique which uses the absorption of light to measure the concentration of elements.
	Afplats		Afplats Proprietary Limited.
	Anorthosite		Igneous rock composed almost entirely of plagioclase feldspar.
	Aquarius		Aquarius Platinum Limited.
	ARM		African Rainbow Minerals Limited of which ARM Platinum is a subsidiary.
	ASX		Australian Securities Exchange.
	AusIMM		Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.
	BEE		Black economic empowerment.
	Bord and pillar		Underground mining method where ore is extracted from rectangular shaped rooms, leaving parts of the ore as pillars to support the roof. Pillars are usually rectangular and arranged in a regular pattern.
	Concentrating		A process of splitting the milled ore in two fractions, the smaller fraction containing the valuable minerals, the rest waste.
	Chromitite		A rock composed mainly of the mineral chromite.
	Decline		A shallow dipping mining excavation used to access the orebody.
	Development		Underground excavations for the purpose of accessing mineral reserves.
	DMR		Department of Mineral Resources, formerly known as the Department of Minerals and Energy (DME).
	Diorite		Igneous rock composed of amphibole, plagiocalse feldspar, pyroxene and small amounts of quartz.
	Dunite		Igneous rock consisting mainly of olivine.
	Dyke		A wall-like body of igneous rock that intruded (usually vertically) into the surrounding rock in such a way that it cuts across the stratification (layering) of this rock.
	ECSA		Engineering Council of South Africa: The Engineering Profession Act, 2000 (Act No 46 of 2000), was promulgated in 2000; the Act became effective in 2011. In terms of section 18(1), the Act empowers ECSA to register persons in certain prescribed Categories of Registration. Paragraph 9 of the SAMREC Code refers to ECSA: “A ‘Competent Person’ is a person who is registered with SACNASP, ECSA or PLATO, or is a Member or Fellow of the SAIMM, the GSSA or a Recognised Overseas Professional Organisation (ROPO).”
	Facies		The appearance and characteristics of a rock unit, reflecting the conditions of its origin, and differentiating it from adjacent (lateral or vertical) or associated units due to a change in the depositional environment. The term facies must not be confused with reef types, which show some variation within the same environment.
	Felsic rock		An igneous rock composed mainly of a light-coloured mineral, like feldspar (or plagioclase) and usually quartz, which are more than 60% by volume.
	Gabbro		Igneous rock composed mainly and approximately equally of plagioclase feldspar and clinopyroxene.
	g/t		Grams per metric tonne. The unit of measurement of metal content or grade, equivalent to parts per million.
	GSSA		Geological Society of South Africa.
	ha		Abbreviation for hectare, unit of area measured equal to 10 000 square metres.
	Harzburgite		Igneous rock composed mainly of olivine and pyroxene.
	HDSA		Historically disadvantaged South Africans, being South African nationals who were, prior to 1994, disadvantaged whether by legislation or convention.
	ICP-MS		Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is a type of mass spectrometry which is capable of detecting metals at low levels. This is achieved by ionizing the sample with inductively coupled plasma and then using a mass spectrometer to separate and quantify those ions.
	In situ		In its natural position or place.
	IRS		Impala Refining Services Limited.
	JORC Code		The 2004 Australasian Code for Reporting of Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves. This was updated and reissued as the JORC Code 2012.
	JSE		JSE Limited, the South African securities exchange based in Johannesburg. Formerly the JSE Securities Exchange and prior to that the Johannesburg Stock Exchange.
	Kriging		A geostatistical estimation method that gives the best-unbiased linear estimates of point values or of block averages.
	LoM		Life of mine.
	Mafic		An igneous rock composed mainly of dark ferromagnesium minerals, which are less than 90% by volume.
	Merensky Reef		A horizon in the Critical Zone of the Bushveld Complex often containing economic grades of PGM and associated base metals. The “Merensky Reef”, as it is generally used, refers to that part of the Merensky unit that is economically exploitable, regardless of the rock type.
	Mill grade		The value, usually expressed in parts per million or gram per tonne, of the contained material delivered to the mill.
	Moz		Million ounces. All references to ounces are troy ounces with the factor being 31.10348 metric grams per ounce.
	MPRDA		Minerals and Petroleum Resources Development Act of South Africa.
	MSZ		The Main Sulphide Zone (MSZ) is the PGM-bearing horizon hosted by the Great Dyke. In addition to the economically exploitable PGMs there is associated base metal mineralisation. The MSZ is located 10m to 50m below the ultramafic/mafic contact in the P1 pyroxenite.
	Mt		Abbreviation for million metric tonnes.
	Norite		Igneous rock composed mainly of plagioclase feldspar and orthopyroxenes in approximately equal proportions.
	Pegmatoid		An igneous rock that has the coarse-crystalline texture of a pegmatite but lacks graphic intergrowths.
	PGE		Platinum group elements comprising the six elemental metals of the platinum group. The metals are platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium.
	PGM		Platinum group metals being the metals derived from PGE.
	PLATO		The South African Council for Professional and Technical Surveyors.
	Pyroxenite		Igneous rock composed mainly of pyroxene and minor feldspar.
	QAQC		Quality Assurance and Quality Control.
	RBR		Royal Bafokeng Resources.
	Reef		A local term for a tabular metalliferous mineral deposit.
	ROPO		Recognised Overseas Professional Organisation.
	SACNASP		South African Council for Natural Scientific Professions: The Natural Sciences Profession Act, 2003 (Act No 27 of 2003), was approved in 2003. The Act empowers SACNASP to register persons in certain prescribed categories of registration. Paragraph 9 of the SAMREC Code refers to SACNASP: “A ‘Competent Person’ is a person who is registered with SACNASP, ECSA or PLATO, or is a Member or Fellow of the SAIMM, the GSSA or a Recognised Overseas Professional Organisation (ROPO).”
	SAIMM		Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.
	SAMREC		The South African Mineral Resource Committee.
	SAMREC Code		The South African Code for the Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves.
	Seismic surveys		A geophysical exploration method whereby rock layers can be mapped based on the time taken for wave energy reflected from these layers to return to surface.
	Smelting		A pyrometallurgical process to further upgrade the fraction containing valuable minerals.
	SSC		SAMREC/SAMVAL committee.
	Stoping		Underground excavations to effect the removal of ore.
	UG2 Reef		A distinct chromitite horizon in the Upper Critical Zone of the Bushveld Complex usually containing economic grades of PGE and limited associated base metals.
	Ultramafic rock		An igneous rock composed mainly of dark ferromagnesium minerals, which are more than 90% by volume.
	Websterite		Igneous rock composed almost entirely of clino- and orthopyroxene.